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The British Brothers' League was a British anti-immigration group that attempted to organise along paramilitary lines. The group was formed in 1902 in east London as a response to waves of immigration that had begun in 1880 and had seen a rapid increase in the numbers of Russian and Polish Jews, as well as others from Eastern Europe, into the area.〔Robert Benewick, ''Political Violence and Public Order'', Allan Lane, 1969, p. 25〕 As a result, Captain William Stanley Shaw formed the BBL to campaign for restricted immigration with the slogan 'England for the English' and soon formed a close alliance with local Conservative MP Major Evans-Gordon.〔Peter Barberis, John McHugh, Mike Tyldesley, ''Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations: Parties, Groups and Movements of the 20th Century'', Continuum International Publishing Group, 2000, p. 175〕 Initially the League was not antisemitic and was more interested in keeping out the poorest immigrants regardless of background, although eventually Jews became the main focus.〔Benewick, ''Political Violence and Public Order'', p. 26〕 The League promoted their cause with large meetings, which were stewarded by guards whose role was to eject opponents who entered and raised objections.〔Robert Winder, ''Bloody Foreigners: The Story of Immigration to Britain'', Abacus, 2013, p. 258〕 The League claimed 45,000 members, although membership was actually fairly irregular as no subscriptions were lifted and anyone who signed the organisation's manifesto was considered a member, with Tory MP Howard Vincent amongst those to do so.〔 As a result of this, attempts to militarise the group were largely a failure, although the movement continued to organise demonstrations against immigrants.〔 The Aliens Act 1905, which restricted immigration, was largely seen as a success for the BBL and, as a result, the movement by and large disappeared.〔 It officially carried on until 1923, albeit on a tiny scale, and was associated with G. K. Chesterton and the distributist movement.〔Stephen Dorril, ''Blackshirt: Sir Oswald Mosley & British Fascism'', Penguin Books, 2007, p. 350〕 Nonetheless they would resurface from time to time as new immigrant scares and shortly before the outbreak of the First World War they were even given a public donation of ten shillings by Arthur Conan Doyle, who had been caught up in a growing public swell of Germanophobia as war loomed.〔Winder, ''Bloody Foreigners'', p. 264〕 The League also left behind a legacy of support for far-right groups in east London and this was exploited by the British Union of Fascists, the British League of Ex-Servicemen and Women, the Union Movement and the National Front who gained followings in the same environs.〔Richard Thurlow, ''Fascism in Britain: A History'', 1918-1985, Basil Blackwell, 1987, p. 108〕 ==External links== *(BBL rally poster ) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「British Brothers League」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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